Bonjour !
À la suite d'une question provenant d'un membre concernant le St-John Water Dog (qui est à la base de la majorité des races Retrievers), j'ai demandé à cette personne aux USA qui suit mon travail de près pour voir s'il avait des informations concernant ce chien. Je vous transmet sa réponse. Si il y en a parmis vous qui n'êtes pas à l'aise avec l'anglais, faites-moi savoir et je ferai la traduction du texte lundi.
St. John's Water Dog St. John's Water Dog
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._John%27s_Water_DogThis is a pretty good article. I disagree that they were only shorthaired, and I also disagree that they looked anything like the "English" Labrador.
The longhaired form also existed, which begat the Wavy/Flat-coated strains and the modern Newfoundland. In one of my Labrador books, I have an engraving of one that has longhair. It is misnamed the the St. Johns Labrador, but it reallly means St. Johns Water dog.
Shorthaired dogs could swim faster than longhaired ones, so shorthairs were selected in the breeding program.
I have read several conflicting accounts on this breed, its appearance, and its origins. Most of these are mixed up with the notion that the big Newfoundland dog was developed in Canada. The modern Newf is actually a creation of European dog breeders and the rising middle class, which purchased them as family pets. It should be a warning to retriever people, because the once athletic New is now a giant breed. I have a picture in another book of General Custer, a famous general in the Civil War and the Indian Wars, with his Newfoundland dog. It is a Landseer (black and white). If it had been yellow or red in color, it could pass for your oldest male dog.
http://www.sonofthesouth.net/union-generals/custer/pictures/custer-dog.jpg That's what a Newfoundland/St. Johns Water dog looked like, even after 50 or so years of being bred to be a pet.
I'm looking online for a picture of the 'St. Johns Labrador.'
Richard Wolters, the great retriever writer, actually went to Newfoundland in search of the original St. Johns Water dog. He found a pair of them in the 1960's. They were like Labs, just they had white marks on their feet and chest (which may be why our goldens sometimes have those). Wolters's book is really good, but largely speculative in the origins of the St. Johns Water Dog. He claims that they descend from the black colored St. Hubert's Hound (we call them Bloodhounds in English). There's no evidence of this breed being brought to Newfoundland, and no scent hound has retrieving instinct. Wolters, I think, would have found more of these dogs had he been open to looking for longhaired ones, too. My guess is that this breed are derived from a mixture of all sorts of dogs brought to Newfoundland-- the Basques brought the Spanish Water dog, the Portuguese brought the Portuguese Water dog, and maybe the Cao de Castro Laboreiro, the French may have brought the Barbet, and the Scottish, English, and Irish brough water spaniels, land spaniels, setters, and dogs of the collie type. All of these mixed to make the St. Johns Water Dog. (This makes a bit more sense).
Another theory is posited by Farley Mowat, who does occasionally enter into theories of folk history, especially in Newfoundland's history. He thought that the St. John Water dog came from dogs brought to Newfoundland by the Vikings, which were black in color. These were left behind after the Norse settlements in Canada and Greenland became impossible to maintain, and the Beothuck people of Newfoundland supposedly kept these black water dogs when Europeans arrives. Several problems exist with this theory. 1. There is no Scandinavian water dog. There were breeds of Scandinavian Mastiff. Some were black in color. Only one of these exists today-- the Broholmer
http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/danishbroholmer.htm It's not black. The Dalbo-Dog of Norway and Sweden is extinct.
http://www.moloss.com/001/breed/def/d001/ It did sometimes come in black, but it was a Mastiff, not a water dog.
The dog known in English as the Great Dane isn't a Danish dog at all. It's a German mastiff. Its name in German is Deutsche Dogge, which translates to German mastiff. It was used for hunting boar. It's also the national dog of Germany.
Secondly, the Beothuck were unique among Eastern First Nations people in that they kept no dogs whatsoever. (Although they sometimes kept the now extinct 'ivory colored' wolves of Newfoundland as pets).
The St. Johns Water dog genes are strong. Growing up, we had an accidental mating with one of our golden retrievers and a brindle boxer. The pups looked like Labs or, more accurately St. Johns Water Dogs.